I’ve recently bought Amanda Palmer’s new record, Theatre is Evil, and attended her recent show in Philadelphia. I have a lot of respect for how she conducts herself as an artist and a performer and the unorthodox way that she has managed to put together this album. Her recent work has been extremely inspirational to me as both a creator and an individual, and I have been genuinely surprised to see the flurry of negative reactions surrounding her recent endeavors. For those who haven’t been following this, Amanda had a fantastically successful Kickstarter campaign for the new record that raised more than a million dollars. There was some controversy surrounding this at the time that seemed mainly to stem from misunderstandings about how the Kickstarter system works and what it really takes to make an album and tour happen, along with some other (highly offensive, in my opinion) comments suggesting that her husband, author Neil Gaiman, should be footing the bill.
I thought that this controversy had largely abated but now a new one has surface. Amanda has been asking her fans, or other interested musicians in the cities she plays, to volunteer their time and talent on stage to fill out the string and horn sections for some of the numbers. This has caused quite a stir in professional music circles, where many outspoken musicians have chastised Amanda for not compensating her talented labor with anything other than beer, high-fives, and a good time. Some of the criticisms have been quite venomous, insinuating that Amanda Palmer is preying on the naiveté of struggling artists, making them believe that this could lead to their big break. Others have taken a more principled approach, arguing that Amanda Palmer’s refusal to pay musician’s union wages makes her no better than the traditional corporate gate-keepers who exploit under-paid labor. Either way, the general attitude of critics is that Amanda Palmer is more concerned with her bottom line profits than with the ethical treatment of her musicians.
This is absurd to me for a plethora of reasons. In fact, I was so floored by the outrage that all of this has caused that I felt compelled to write a blog piece in Amanda’s defense. Since my initial reaction, however, Amanda Palmer and Unwoman have both written terrific responses (see links below) and I no longer feel the need to expound detail by detail why I believe her choice to call for volunteers is perfectly acceptable, however, I think there are still a few important angles to consider here that are getting overlooked in the jumble of angry message board comments, yet have a significant impact on the larger creative culture in America, and probably the world.
What it comes down for me is that the social, cultural, and economic paradigms surrounding creativity need to be broken down and reconstructed. From my perspective Amanda Palmer is trying to do just that while few other artists are. It’s a work in progress and there is considerable grey area, Amanda has admitted as much herself. Furthermore, the broader sociocultural infrastructure stands in direct opposition to such change, but that doesn’t mean that the creative community, including creators and audience alike, shouldn’t try, learn, grown, adapt and do better next time. Here are some of the realities as I see them as they relate to this specific controversy, as well as the general struggle for sustainable, meaningful creative output in the future.
First and foremost is the fact that creative endeavors (a term which I’m going to be using in place of “art” because that term is too
narrow for what I want to discuss and often evokes an unfortunate air of pretension) can’t happen without help. More specifically, they can’t happen without free help. This covers the entire spectrum of creative expression. Independent filmmakers often rely on friends and family who are willing to act for free, assist with make-up for free, provide places to stay and eat when shooting on location for free, lend use of homes or property as shooting locations for free. I don’t mean to say that this is how movies are made, major studio films certainly aren’t. Many independent films are well funded and actors and actresses can be well-paid, but I would bet that if asked, directors will tell you that they relied on some level on charity during their career, even if it was just lending equipment or giving their feedback after a test screening. Writers rely on support constantly, they expect friends and family to read first drafts and provide feedback, they expect fans to write reviews, make podcasts, tweet about their work, all of which requires time and talent that is not being compensated. Using free musicians on stage is nothing new. I know competent musicians who have played for free for friends and family, have offered their talents as a studio engineer to record for free, who have provided the use of their equipment to other musicians for free. It may be new to ask for free help on this scale, with this level of transparency. That’s a positive step if you ask me.
So why do it? Why contribute your talents for nothing? As I mentioned, there has been some rather malicious suggestion that Amanda Palmer is dubiously promising exposure and connections to struggling artists. My guess is that there are as many personal motivations for performing in this capacity as there are performers. Some may see it as a potential opportunity to enhance their careers, others may see it as an opportunity to practice performing in a live venue, maybe they listened to a tarot reading or their horoscope and felt like it was part of their spiritual path, I really don’t know and neither does anybody else, though I’m guessing a lot of people just thought it would be fun. But there is another incentive of real value for musicians: contributing to the creative communities to which they belong. Amanda’s volunteers have chosen to contribute to this community. It would be nice to say that things come out positively in the long run, that you give a little and you get a little back. There is no doubt that this does happen, and how much it happens depends on a lot of variables, luck and timing being just two of them. However, in order for creative communities to truly flourish, the contribution itself needs to be the only expectation.
I co-founded an independent film magazine called Lunchmeat. The goal for our project was really just to have a venue to talk about the movies that we love and to reach out to others who share the same interests. The magazine has been well-received, its readership has grown, and it continues to be published, even though other responsibilities have limited my contributions to it of late. The magazine has never made a dime in terms of profit, even though it regularly sells out. I have never regretted the hard work I have put into it without making any income off of it. One thing I know is that we could not have made it if we didn’t have a LOT of people helping us with it, either for free or virtually free. We wrote the first issue, but did not know how to design it, there is no way we could possibly have paid a professional designer and we were fortunate enough to have a friend with professional design experience who shared our interests and was willing to design it for free. He put in over 20 hours of unpaid work to do that magazine for us because we asked him to and because he shared our enthusiasm for the project. The opportunity to contribute and be listed in the credits was the only agreement we ever made. Sure, the magazine could have exploded, and his design work in it could have led to a dream job. It didn’t. I don’t think he expected it to, and I don’t think he regrets having been a part of something cool.
Other graphic designers could argue that his free work degrades the paid work they do, as many musicians have said about the musicians who are volunteering for Amanda Palmer’s tour. However, the fact of the matter is that without the free design job, our magazine wouldn’t have happened; any way you cut it, no graphic designer was going to get paid. Of course Amanda Palmer’s tour would happen with or without volunteers, but it very well could have happened without an orchestra, or at least without an orchestra in certain markets. Some, no doubt, will argue that it would be better for her to play without the strings and horns than to play with free labor. The opinion is valid, but hardly clear cut. It warrants discussion, not anger.
There has been a considerable attempt to guilt the volunteers for performing for free. Apparently it’s an epidemic that musicians are too often asked to pay for free and many see Amanda’s request as likely to reinforce this notion. I’m not a musician so I don’t know the real extent of this problem; I do know that the mantra of “musicians should never play a free gig” has been touted liberally about message boards. There have also been comments from photographers and writers on both sides of the argument and I find it interesting that it’s so intensely polarized. It’s never been uncommon for a photographer to take photos of a band they are friends with or fans of without any financial exchange, maybe just spots on a guest list or copies of the album. This has always been a positive thing. It allows bands with little or no finances to have professional quality releases while both parties get to contribute to something they consider worthwhile. Another comment suggested that a writer would never expect their work to be published without compensation; this made me laugh out loud. Many publications offer little to know compensation for high quality stories. Writers often publish pieces in outlets that pay far less than others they have also been published in. The reasons why this happens are complicated. Sometimes the writer wants to be part of a particular publication, even though it pays less than they are used to; some writers will take whatever they can get because it’s a tough industry to break into; others may be looking for an outlet that would give them more creative freedom than they are used to. Some writers flat out give their work away for free. Lately I have been reading a lot of web-comics available for free to the public with no compensation going to the writers or artists. I’m not talking about amateur fan-fiction either, I’m talking about highly regarded professionals telling some of the best stories of their careers for free because of the creative freedom, the opportunity for collaboration, or the accessible platform. Are they devaluing the careers of those who chose to work in an only paid capacity? Some will say so. But I come back to the idea that those stories may very well not exist if they weren’t offered for free, and that seems like a shame to me.
Volunteering is certainly acceptable in a lot of facets of society, why not in this capacity? There have been a lot of comments that try to make sense of this question, largely by justifying the volunteer structures of non-profit ventures vs. commercial ventures. Here too, however, there is a lot of gray area that needs to be navigated. Is using the tax-status of a given organization really the best way to determine where and how we should spend our time? I love non-profits; I believe they contribute enormously to society as a whole. But non-profit does not mean non-paid. Many non-profit staff members receive nice salaries and many have considerable budgets. Could non-profits shuffle around some finances in order to pay more of their volunteers or open up more paid positions? Probably sometimes, though it seems a little socially taboo to suggest this. But let’s not forget that even the largest corporations – yeah I’m talking about the same ones that have received government bail-out money and pay their executives exorbitant bonuses – hire unpaid interns. Nobody makes those interns feel guilty about their service. Quite the contrary, people who accept these internship are usually commended for taking initiative for their future. True, these internships look good on a resume, can often lead to paid positions or college credit, but not always, and god knows these institutions could come up with some extra finances to pay college students for their work.
But should creative endeavors be considered in the same way? I think they fit into an entirely different category. Our society does seem to value creative output as a commercial endeavor and this has been the sad, sad state of creativity in America for a long time. I have always felt that creative output should be considered more of a social service. I know people will disagree, that’s fine, but this is the conclusion that my experiences have led me to. I have had great teachers, and great college professors, but the writers, filmmakers, and musicians that I grew up with undoubtedly contributed and continue to contribute as much or more to my education and self-development. I don’t think Bank of America has done that for anyone. Some of the creators that I’m referring to have had successful careers, some have not. Many moonlight with their creative projects while holding down day jobs, many have spent their lives in poverty, some have unfortunately died that way. If we believe in these communities and their value to culture on a larger scale, then we need to give our full support to the communities from which these projects grow.
Does Amanda Palmer have enough money to pay her volunteer musicians? I don’t know. I don’t think that’s really the point either. She has made choices about how the money for her tour is managed. Because we have been taught to identify creative success with commercial success, channeled through monolithic examples like Metallica, Stephen King, and Stephen Spielberg, our perception of the financial realities of creative projects has been horribly distorted. We tend to distrust creators the same way we distrust corporate CEOs. I spent two years working for an independent record label that had a very solid reputation, generally positive feedback from the musicians with whom it worked, and a lot of credibility in terms of its integrity. I quickly learned when I started (initially as an unpaid intern) that there is a certain illusion of professionalism that creators are forced to maintain, but is not really representative. We see albums on the racks at Best Buy with professional caliber packaging and production, or we see books featured on a display table at Barnes and Noble and we assume that the creators behind them, if not wealthy, must at least be making a comfortable living off of their work. It’s not true. In fact I’ve even had people react that way to Lunchmeat, which is flattering but again, not true. The reality is that the bulk of “successful” musicians and other creators work day jobs and spend money out of their often limited pockets to complete their projects. In fact, some of the artists at the label I worked for were actually in debt to the label against royalties that they were not able to earn, despite a degree of critical success and a loyal fan-base. Believe it or not most creators don’t strive for fame or fortune. In many cases just the ability to make their work in any capacity is enough, and being able to devote their efforts to doing it as a full time job is the dream. Amanda Palmer has achieved this, and more power to her for it. Does she have fame and fortune? The former to a limited extent, but probably not the latter by most standards. I don’t know how much money she is making, is she lining her pockets with the money she has saved by not paying supporting musicians? I really doubt it. I trust her, not because I am a fan, but because I believe in the community she is building and contributing to. If I felt like she wasn’t contributing to the community in the same way I would probably lose trust in her. I don’t feel that way, but of course that’s just my opinion. What I do know as a fact is that what I have invested in her financially has been returned to me exponentially, though I could never put a price tag on such a thing. I did not contribute to her Kickstarter; I didn’t know it existed at the time. I pre-ordered a digital copy of her album for 5 dollars and I paid 20 dollars to attend her show. As somebody who has spent a lot of money on concerts and records, in both large and small dollar amounts, I can honestly say that this has been one the most worthwhile investments I’ve made. I have spent hours of introspection enjoying the album over the last week, I participated, as an audience member, in what was one of the most memorable, intimate, and passionate live shows I have ever experienced, and I have had the pure joy of watching my one and a half year old son dancing enthusiastically to her music. It has undoubtedly enriched my life.
I realize that this has dragged on for a bit, it turns out I had more to say than I thought. What I want to end on is a note about the economic structures that define our musical experience as a culture. Much has been made of the issue of musician’s union wages during all of this. I’ve been a member of a teacher’s union in the past. Unions are important. Unions began in response to the fact that in capitalist societies a small group of wealthy factory owners owned all of the factors of production (i.e. factories). As a result, the only factor of production that the rest of the population owned was their labor. Because that labor’s value is defined solely by the owners of the factors of production unions became necessary in order to ensure that laborers were compensated and treated fairly. It’s worth noting, however, that many of the more radical members of the labor movement believed that unions and their victories were a travesty, that they were merely reinforcing the idea that humans could be considered commodities. They viewed union victories as a compromise that still catered to the established conditions. They believed that the system as a whole needed to be overhauled and replaced by one based on mutual aid, cooperation, and above all, trust in your fellow man (and woman). Is Amanda Palmer analogous to the wealthy factory owners who exploited cheap labor for their own profit? Personally I don’t think so. She holds no monopolistic power over professional musicians; In fact it seems more accurate to say that the successful execution of her creative vision is at the mercy of their charity. I do think that the vehement denial that anyone should exchange their talent unless they are compensated to a certain financial standard reinforces the idea that creativity is a commodity and as I’ve said I believe that the creative sector is really more akin to a service market, but one that has no legitimate home in the current economic landscape. If we want creators to realize their full creative potential, to offer new and unique visions, to touch our lives in real, meaningful, personal ways, we need to be willing to experiment with this system. We need to be open to the idea of breaking down established models and rebuilding them. We can’t be afraid to make mistakes, and ruffle some feathers along the way. We need to form strong communities and we need to trust them.
Please feel free to share comments and opinions to this post in a respectful and thoughtful way.
Here are links to some useful statements from Amanda Palmer and Unwoman, as well as the associated message boards:
http://www.amandapalmer.net/blog/20120821/
http://www.amandapalmer.net/blog/20120913/
http://www.amandapalmer.net/blog/why-i-am-not-afraid-to-take-your-money-by-amanda/
http://blogs.sfweekly.com/shookdown/2012/09/why_im_fine_with_playing_for_amanda_palmer_for_free_by_sf_cellist_unwoman.php
Here is the link to Lunchmeat, the magazine I work on with the help of coutless volunteers:
http://lunchmeatvhs.com/
Here are some fantastic FREE webcomics, enjoy:
http://www.freakangels.com/
http://www.thrillbent.com/
http://www.dicebox.net/
http://www.ineffableaether.com/